Why not use the official php image that has httpd on it as a base? I.e. php:8.0.0-apache?
Xdebug 3.0 has renamed the flags, but you are using old naming in xdebug.ini.
;xdebug.default_enable=1
;xdebug.remote_enable=1
;xdebug.remote_connect_back=1
;xdebug.remote_port=9001
;xdebug.remote_autostart=0
xdebug.mode=debug
xdebug.start_with_request=yes
xdebug.client_port=9001
https://xdebug.org/docs/upgrade_guide#changed-xdebug.default_enable
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