Python Data Types: The variable in Python is used to store values, and they can hold different values. Each variable in Python has its own data-type.
Since Python is a dynamically typed language (The language in which we don’t need to pre-define the data-type of the variables), Hence we don’t need to define the data-type of the variables which we are declaring in our Python program.
Python interpreter implicitly binds the value which variable stores with its data type automatically.
p = 1
Here the variable p holds value 1, which is an integer data-type in Python. We did not define the data-type of the p variable while declaring it. The Python interpreter will automatically interpret the data-type of variable p as of integer type at the time we declared it and allocate memory to it inside Python.
Python also enables us to check the data-type of the variables through which we can know which data-type value the variable is holding in the program. We need to use the type() function inside Python to check the data-type of the variable. When we run the type() function, it will return us the data-type of the variable we wrote inside the function.
Let’s understand the working of type() function in Python with an example.
Example: Consider the following code written in Python:
Output:
Explanation:
In the above code, we have defined multiple variables that are storing values with different data-types. After that, we have used the type() function to find the data-type of the variables inside the program.
Hence, we can see that the Python interpreter has automatically defined the data-type of the variables according to the data-type of values they are storing and allocated memory to them.
A variable inside Python can hold values of different data-types. For example, the name of a person is stored as string type, whereas the age of the person is stored as an integer data-type in Python.
Python provides us various standard data-types that we can see in many different programming languages. Data-type of the variables in Python defines the storage method of them in the memory. It is also to note that Python does not provide us any special type of data-type for variables such as long int etc.
Following are the names of the data-types that are defined inside Python:
1. Numbers
2. Sequence Type
3. Boolean
4. Set
5. Dictionary
In this section of this Python tutorial, we will discuss in detail each data-type present in Python. We will also discuss how they are defined and how the Python interpreter will allocate memory to the variables with these data-types.
Before proceeding to the standard types of data-type in Python,
The numerical data-type in Python represents the variables that are holding numbers. The int(integer), float and complex number data-types belong to numerical data-type in Python. In Python, number objects are created inside Python’s memory when we assign number values to a variable.
Example: Look at the following code:
Output:
z is a complex number: True
Explanation:
In this code, we have defined three variables x, y and z with integer, float and complex number data-type, respectively. We have used the isinstance() function to check the object’s class that variable ‘z’ is holding.
When we have put our complex number in the isinstance() function to check if it belongs to a complex class or not, Python gave us the data-type of all three variables. The isinstance() showed us that the condition stands true for z is a complex number.
Python supports the following three types of numeric data-type:
It is to be noted that Python does not support any special numeric data-type such as long int or double etc.
Example:
Output:
We can see that despite the sign of numbers (negative or positive) or length of numbers, the data-type of the variable will be int only.
Example:
Output:
Example:
Output:
Note: A variable which is storing number having only real part is also considered as complex data-type. Let’s clear this through an example:
Output:
2. Sequence Data-type:
In Python, the sequence data-type is an ordered or paired collection of similar or different data values. The sequence data-type allows us to store multiple object values in an efficient and organized manner.
Following are the three types of sequence data-type present in Python:
Let’s discuss each of these three data-types in detail.
String
A string in Python can be defined as a sequence of characters (including white spaces) represented inside the quotation marks. A variable storing a string object value is considered a string data-type. In Python, we can define string object value using single, double or triple quotation marks.
We can also define a multiline string using triple quotes at the beginning of the string and end our string in the next line by closing it with triple quotation marks.
Let’s understand this string data-type through an example.
Example:
Output:
Explanation:
In the above code, we have defined a string mkr inside the double quotation mark. Then we defined multiline string str using five quotation marks and closed the string in the next line.
String Handling in Python:
Example: look at the following code for string handling example:
Output:
Explanation:
In the above code, we have defined two strings, i.e., mkr1 and. Then we used the multiple operators to print string multiple times, and last, we added both strings using + operator.
List Data-type
Lists in Python are similar to arrays present in C, C++, or other programming languages. But unlike arrays, lists in Python can store object values of different data-types.
The items or objects stored in the list are enclosed by the square brackets [] and items are separated by comma (,).
Let’s understand the following example.
Example:
Output:
List handling in Python
Let’s look at an example of list handling in Python.
Example:
Output:
We can insert or add object values or items inside the list that we have already created using various methods. We will discuss these various methods of adding values to list later sections of this tutorial.
Tuple
Tuple data-type in Python is used to hold multiple object values in a single variable. Tuple data-type is one of the built-in data-type in Python that is used for storing multiple object values inside a single variable. The other is dictionary, list and set.
Let’s see an example of a tuple to understand it detail.
Output:
Explanation
In the above code, we have defined a tuple with name sup using parentheses and hold value inside it. Then, we checked the data-type of sup, and after checking the data-type of sup, we printed it.
Operations in Tuple
Look at the following code for understanding operations on tuple:
Example
Output:
Explanation: In the above code, we have performed various operations i.e. slicing, concatenation and repetition on tuple sup. After that we printed the result.
Note: Tuple is read-only data structure: – In Python, tuples are immutable data-type which means we can’t modify the size of the tuple after it has been defined.
Let’s see an example to understand the read-only property of the tuple data structure.
Example:
Output:
We can clearly see that tuple is a read-only data structure, and we can perform insertion or modification operations on tuple after defining it.
Dictionary Data-type:
The dictionary data-type in Python is a set of key-value pairs of items in an unordered manner. Dictionary in Python is very similar to the associative array where each key stores a unique value. Keys in a dictionary can only hold primitive data-types, whereas the object values are arbitrary objects in Python.
Look at the following code for dictionary data-type.
Example:
Output:
Explanation:
In the above code, we have defined a dictionary data-type variable with dict name. Then we printed the dict dictionary. Then we printed the values of dictionary using its keys. After that, we asked for keys and values to print separately so that we can access any of them whenever we want.
Set data-type
Set data-type in Python is an unordered collection of data. The variables with set data-type stores values unorderly and doesn’t have key values in them. Since the order of the values is undefined in the set, Python may return the changed sequence of the elements in the set while printing the set in output.
Defining a set in Python: In Python, we can define the set using the following two methods:
a). We can create a set variable in our Python program using Python’s built-in set () function.
b). We can pass sequence of elements inside the curly braces {} and separate the values by comma {,}.
Example:
Output:
Explanation: In the above code, we have defined two sets i.e. set01 and set02. The set01 is empty set whereas set02 is storing some elements.
Boolean data-type:
Like any other programming language in Python, boolean data-type has two built-in values, i.e., true and false. Boolean data-type is used for the condition statement codes to check if the statement is true or false.
Example: Look at the following code for boolean type:
Output:
We can see that the true or false value (with quotation marks) will be treated as Boolean type, and they are used for conditional statements. We will discuss Boolean type, and it’s working in Python in detail later tutorial.
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